Amália Rodrigues

小簡介 葡萄牙最出色的法朵皇后，歌手Amalia Rodrigues，1920年出生在里斯本的 Alfama區，她有10個兄妹，在她1歲的時候就被母親拋棄，由祖母撫養長大，小時候做過縫紉工，並沿街兜售水果蔬菜。她小時候苦難的經歷使她日後演唱貧苦大眾的心聲提供了良好的創作基礎。 長大後，她違背家族的意願，成為一個探戈舞蹈演員，在19歲時，她跟隨她的姐姐 Celeste在里斯本當地非常時髦的夜總會Retiro da Severa. 參加了第一次唱歌演出，一年之內，她就成了當地的明星，每個晚上的演出都是觀眾爆滿，1944年，她到巴西Copacabana Casino演出時，引起了極大的轟動，此後不久，她回到Rio de Janeiero 錄製了她的第一張唱片。Rodrigues 不僅在整個南美國家宣傳Fado，她最傑出的成就是：對傳統的Fado進行了革新—把鄉村來自貧民區形式的里斯本Fado（生命的哀調）和城市裏的 Coibmra（葡萄牙一所非常着名和古老的大學）Fado（學術形、講究技術的浪漫Fado）完美地融合起來，並且她還把以往的Fado只從傳統的失戀歌謠尋找素材轉為探索人們內心深處的焦慮與憂愁，以這種歌唱形式和內容來傳頌人們生活中宿命的力量和所有難以忘卻的美麗。 由於Rodrigues的經理人認為她的國內歌迷如果買了她的唱片，將不會再去觀看她的演出，因此1951年以前Rodregues都沒有在葡萄牙錄製唱片，在轉到Valentim DE Carvalho公司以前她只在Melodia廠牌錄製很少一部分唱片，隨後二戰期間，她開始在南美洲以外的國家巡迴演出，1955年以專輯 Coimbra進入國際暢銷專輯排行榜，並錄製了法國奧林匹亞劇院的現場專輯等，在她的一生中，Rodrigues錄製了超過170張專輯並出演了一些電影，即使在60年代Fado已經開始日漸甚微時，Rodrigues依然是一個非常有影響力的藝人。在她70歲生日的時候她還繼續巡迴演出，在一次手術後她才開始正式退休，在她生命中的最後幾年Rodregues過着隱者一樣低調的生活，1998年她在里斯本博覽會的開幕式上最後一次出現在公眾面前以後， 1999年10月6日Amalia Rodrigues去世，去世時79歲，一接到Rodrigues去世的消息，葡萄牙的前首相Antonio Guterres宣佈全國哀悼三天，讚美她是“葡萄牙的聲音”。 The unrivaled queen of the Portuguese fado, singer Amália Rodrigues was born in Lisbons Alfama district in 1920; one of ten children, she was abandoned by her mother at the age of one and raised by her grandmother, spending her formative years selling produce on the streets and working as a seamstress. Against the wishes of her family, as a teen Rodrigues performed as a tango dancer, and at 19 she made her professional singing debut alongside her sister, Celeste, at the fashionable Lisbon nightspot Retiro da Severa. Within a year she was a star, selling out clubs every night; in 1944, she traveled to Brazil, drawing huge crowds during her stay at the Copacabana Casino and later returning to Rio de Janeiro to make her first recordings. Rodrigues not only popularized the fado throughout South America, she reinvented it — brilliantly fusing the urban and rural styles of Lisbon and Coimbra, she also sought out material that moved far beyond the traditional tales of failed romance to explore instead the deepest crises of the soul and spirit, delivering performances unmatched in their fatalistic power and haunting beauty. Because Rodrigues manager, José de Melo, believed her native fans would stop attending her live appearances if they could buy her recordings, she did not enter a Portuguese recording studio until 1951, issuing a handful of sides on the Melodia label before moving to the Valentim de Carvalho imprint the following year. In the wake of World War II she began touring outside of South America, and scored an international hit in 1956 with Coimbra, recorded live at Paris Olympia Theatre. In all, Rodrigues recorded upwards of 170 albums and even appeared in a number of feature films, retaining her drawing power even after the popularity of fado itself began to dissipate during the 1960s. She continued touring well past her 70th birthday, entering retirement only after undergoing surgery; she spent the final years of her life as a recluse, making her final public appearance at the opening of Lisbons Expo in 1998. Rodrigues died October 6, 1999, at the age of 79; upon receiving news of her passing, Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Guterres ordered three days of national mourning, declaring her the Voice of Portugal.